King of Thailand Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great (Rama IX) 1946-present.

Geography
Thailand is situated in the heart of the Southeast Asian mainland, Thailand covers an area of 514,000 square kilometers. It is bordered by Laos to the Northeast, Myanmar to the North and West, Cambodia to the East, and Malaysia to the South.

Topography
Thailand is divided into 6 regions; North, East, North East, West, Central, and South,The country is divided into 76 provinces.

Capital
Thailand's capital, known internationally as Bangkok but to Thai as Krung Thep (City of Angels) sprawls over an area of some 1,500 square kilometers on both sides of the Chao Phraya River. Established in 1782 by King Rama I, founder of the Chakri Dynasty, Bangkok has been the home of the Royal Family ever since. Today, Bangkok is home to over 6 million people. Here also are located all government ministries, the police and military headquarters, the Supreme Patriarch of the Buddhist faith, the most prestigious universities and schools, the best medical facilities, important international organizations, and the greatest collections of art, museums, newspaper publishers and television stations.

Transportation Rail/Road Over 176,000 kilometers of national highways and rural roads link tiny hamlets with provincial capitals and major cities. The State Railway operates an efficient rail system linking Bangkok with northern, northeast and central Thailand while a southern route allows direct rail travel from Bangkok to Malaysia and Singapore. Despite the rapid growth of inter-provincial buses, train travel is still popular with a large segment of the population.

Air Thailand has 23 airports and six international airports, namely Don Muang, Phuket, Hat Yai, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, and U-Tapao. All except U-Tapao are operated by the Airports Authority of Thailand.

Population
Thailand's population is approximately 61 million.( Population density of Thailand is approximately 117 people/square kilometer)
As the capital city of Thailand, the population in Bangkok is approximately 8 million people. ( Population density in Bangkok is approximately 5,111 people/square kilometer)

Race
Though the great majority of Thailand is ethnically Thai and Buddhist, the country has a substantial number of minority groups who have historically lived together in harmony. Of these, the Chinese are perhaps the most numerous (particularly in urban areas), though they have become so thoroughly assimilated it would be difficult to isolate them as a distinct group. Similarly, while there are Lao and Khmer groups in the Northeast and East, nearly all regard themselves as Thai, culturally as well as by nationality. More clearly defined as an ethnic group are the Muslims, who are mainly concentrated in the southern provinces, and assorted hill tribes who live in the far North; there are also sizable communities of Hindus and Sikhs in large cities like Bangkok.

Seasons
Thailand is a warm and rather humid tropical country. The climate is monsoons, marked by a pronounced rainy season lasting from about June to October and a relatively dry season for the remainder of the year. Temperatures are highest in March and April and lowest in December and January.
Summer:March - May.
Rainy:June - October.
Winter:November - February.
Average temperature is 28°C. In Bangkok, the average temperature in April is approximately 30°C, and in December is 25°°C.

Language
The official national language, spoken by almost 100 per cent of the population, is Thai, classified by linguists as belonging to a Chinese-Thai branch of the Sino - Tibetan family. It is a tonal language, uninflected, and predominantly monosyllabic. Most polysyllabic words in the vocabulary have been borrowed, mainly from Khmer, Pali or Sanskrit. Dialects are spoken in rural areas. Other principal languages are Chinese and Malay. English, a mandatory subject in public schools, is widely spoken and understood, particularly in Bangkok and other major cities.

Religion Theravada Buddhism, the national religion, is the professed faith of 95 per cent of the population. There is total religious freedom and all major religions can be found in practice.

Government
Thailand is governed by a constitutional monarchy with His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej as Head of State. Official power rests with the government, personified by the Prime Minister, the Parliament, and a bureaucratic system that reaches down to the village level.

Legislation
Legislative power is vested in the Parliament, and exercised through a bicameral National Assembly consisting of the publicly elected House of Representatives and the Senate. The Parliament must approve all legislative matters of national policy, which then require the King's signature before becoming the law of the land.

Administration of justice
Presently, the Courts of Justice are divided into three categories, i.e., the Courts of First Instance, the Courts of Appeal and the Supreme Court. There are about 140 Courts of First Instance throughout the Kingdom.
In Bangkok Metropolis, they are, for example, the Civil Court, the Criminal Court, the Juvenile and Family Court, the Central Labour Court and the Central Tax Court, including Kwaeng Courts which have jurisdiction over minor civil cases and criminal cases with maximum punishment of imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or fine not exceeding Baht 60,000 or both. In the provinces, they are the Provincial Courts, and in some large provinces the Provincial Juvenile and Family Courts and Kwaeng Courts are included.

National Flag Thailand's national flag, ceremoniously raised each morning in every town and village, is composed of five horizontal bands of red, white, and blue. The harmony of design expresses the complimentary nature of the three pillars of the Thai nation. This tri - colored flag, called in Thai the "trirong", first introduced by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) in 1917, succeeded an earlier design that placed a white elephant (emblem of the absolute monarch) on a red background.

Red represents nation. White evokes religion. Blue symbolizes the monarchy.

Year
The Buddhist year for 2001 is 2544 (add 543 to the Christian year)

Time
2 hours lag behind Japan (7 hours advanced from Greenwich)

Thai Currency Thailand's currency is the baht, which is divided into 100 satang. Copper coins are valued at 25 and 50 satang, and silver ones at 1, 5, and 10 baht. Bank notes are valued at 10 (brown),20 (green), 50 (blue), 100 (red), 500 (purple), and 1,000 baht (gray); all denominations of bills are in different sizes.

Business Hours
In Thailand, businesses are open Monday to Friday from 8.30 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. (with an hour for lunch between 12.00 - 01.00 p.m.) Shopping centres and supermarkets are generally open from 10.00 a.m. - 09.00 p.m. daily.

Banking Hours
Monday to Friday, from 9.30 a.m. to 3.30 p.m.

Electricity
220V 50Hz
Television system in Thailand is PAL system. (Japan uses NTSC system)

Education
6 years-primary school
3 years-secondary school
3 years-high school
4 years-college/university

Telephone
Country code for Thailand is 66. Bangkok area code is 02.
Telephone charge for home phone is normally 3 baht for one time use in the same area code( no matter how long you call). There are two types of public phone available; coin type and telephone card type.

Holidays The number of annual celebration national holidays is almost the same as Japan, but there are many related to Buddhism. Official working days are Monday to Friday.